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Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.

Related subjects »

Game Theory / Mathematical Methods
Information Systems and Applications
Linguistics
Logic & Philosophy of Language
Social Sciences


Common terms and phrases:
Backward Induction belief revision bisimulation deontic logic dynamic logic game theory game tree modal logic propositional variables Springer Science+Business Media

Cover

Synthese Library 354

Reasoning about Preference Dynamics

ISBN 9789400713437

Preface

Acknowledgements

Contents

Part I: Introduction

1 Introduction

1.1 A Brief Historical Sketch of Preference Logic

1.1.1 Von Wright and the Basic Ideas

1.1.2 Preference in Logic and Philosophy

1.1.3 Preference in Decision Theory and Game Theory

1.1.4 Preference in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence

1.2 The Main New Themes in this Book

1.2.1 Richer Representations: Reasons for Preference

1.2.2 Entanglement: Preference, Knowledge and Belief

1.2.3 Preference Change

1.2.4 The Total Theory

1.3 Guide for the Reader

1.3.1 Part II: Dynamics of Information

1.3.2 Part III: Preference Over Worlds

1.3.3 Part IV: Preference from Priorities

1.3.4 Part V: A Two-Level Perspective on Preference

1.3.5 Part VI: Applications and Discussions

1.3.6 Part VII: Finale

1.4 Some Major Influences on This Book

Part II: Dynamics of Information

2 Dynamic Epistemic Logic

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Epistemic Logic

2.3 Public Announcement Logic

2.4 Dynamic Epistemic Logic

2.5 Methodology

Part III: Preference over Worlds

3 Preference over Worlds: Static Logic

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modal Betterness Logic

3.3 Expressive Power

3.3.1 Generic Preference: Quantifier Lifts

3.3.2 Expressing Generic Preferences in LB

3.3.3 Conditional Preference

3.4 Preservation and Characterization of ..-Preference

3.5 Conclusion

4 Preference over Worlds: Dynamic Logic

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Dynamic Betterness Logic

4.2.1 Upgrade as Relation Change

4.2.2 Dynamics of Generic Preferences

4.3 Preservation and General Betterness Transformers

4.3.1 Preservation Properties of Upgrade

4.3.2 Upgrade and Model Transformation

4.3.3 A Program Format for Relation Change

4.4 A Different Illustration: Default Reasoning

4.4.1 Default Reasoning

4.4.2 Complication: Coherence and Conflicting Suggestions

4.5 Conclusion

5 Entanglement of Preference, Knowledge and Belief

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Juxtaposing Knowledge and Betterness

5.2.1 Static Logic

5.2.2 Dynamic Logic and Some New Operations

5.3 Connecting Belief with Betterness

5.3.1 Belief Statics and Dynamics on Their Own

5.3.2 Beliefs Together with Betterness

5.4 Deeper Entanglement: Merged Belief and Betterness

5.4.1 Static Logic

5.4.2 Dynamic Logic

5.5 Discussion and Conclusion

6 Intermezzo: A Quantitative Approach

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Epistemic Evaluation Logic

6.3 Dynamic Epistemic Evaluation Logic

6.3.1 Evaluation Product Update

6.3.2 Dynamic Epistemic Evaluation Logic

6.4 Excursion: Bisimulation for Evaluation Languages

6.5 Excursion: Numerical Measures in Deontics

6.6 Conclusion

Part IV: Preference from Priorities

7 Preference from Priorities: Static Logic

7.1 Introduction

7.2 From Priorities to Preference

7.2.1 Priority-Based Preference

7.2.2 Syntactic Versus Semantic Views

7.3 Order: Some Basics

7.4 Preference Logic and a Representation Theorem

7.5 Discussion and Conclusion

8 Belief-Based Preference

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Doxastic Preference Logic

8.2.1 Three Notions of Belief-Based Preference

8.2.2 Doxastic Preference Logic

8.3 Extension to the Multi-agent Case

8.3.1 Multi-agent Doxastic Preference Logic

8.3.2 Cooperative and Competitive Agents

8.4 Preference over Propositions

8.4.1 Preference over Propositions and Preference over Objects

8.5 Conclusion

9 Preference from Priorities: Dynamic Logic

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Preference Change due to Priority Change

9.3 Preference Change due to Belief Change

9.3.1 Hard Information

9.3.2 Soft Information

9.4 Conclusion

Part V: A Two-Level Perspective on Preference

10 A Two-Level Perspective on Preference

10.1 Introduction

10.2 An Extension to Priority Graphs

10.2.1 Priority Graphs and Extrinsic Betterness

10.2.2 An Extended Representation Theorem

10.3 Basic Operations on Priority Graphs

10.3.1 Basic Graph Update

10.3.2 Graph Algebra

10.4 Logics for Priority and Extrinsic Preference

10.4.1 Modal Logic of Graph-Induced Betterness

10.4.2 Internal Versus External Graph Language

10.5 Relating Betterness and Priority Dynamics

10.5.1 Cases of Harmony

10.5.2 General Connections

10.5.3 Obstacles to a Complete Match

10.6 Discussion and Conclusion

Part VI: Applications and Discussions

11 Deontic Reasoning

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Priorities, Betterness and CTDs

11.2.1 Priority Sequences

11.2.2 P-Sequences and CTDs

11.2.3 \"To Make the Best of Sad Circumstances\"

11.2.4 `Best\' in Modal Betterness Logic

11.3 Deontics as Founded on Classification and Betterness

11.3.1 Connecting Obligations to What is the Best

11.3.2 Chisholm Paradox Revisited

11.4 Betterness Dynamics and Deontics

11.4.1 Two Level Dynamics in Deontics

11.4.2 Discussion: Betterness Dynamics and Norm Change

11.5 Conclusion

11.6 Appendix: A Semantic Excursion on Imperatives

11.6.1 Motivation

11.6.2 Update Semantics for Conflicting Imperatives

12 Games and Actions

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Preference Logic in Strategic Games

12.3 Preference Logic in Extensive Games

12.3.1 Dynamic Logic of Actions and Strategies

12.3.2 Adding Preferences: The Case of Backward Induction

12.3.3 Backward Induction in Preference-Action Logic

12.4 Solution Dynamics in Extensive Games

12.5 From Games to Preference Logic

12.6 From Preference Logic to Games

12.6.1 Preference Change in Games

12.6.2 Rationalization Procedures and Game Change

12.6.3 Adding Priority to Game Representation

12.7 Preference in a Long-Term Perspective

12.8 Conclusion

Part VII: Finale

13 Conclusion

References

Index